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Polseguera
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Vocabulary for Beginners - Basic Vocabulary
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Country
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Catalan
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Castilian
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Adjective
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Noun
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Its citizens
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Afghanistan
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Afganistan
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Afganistán
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Afghan
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The Afghans
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Angola
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Angola
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Angola
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Angolan
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The Angolans
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Argentina / The Argentine
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(L')Argentina
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(La) Argentina
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Argentinian, Argentine
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An Argentinian,
An Argentine,
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two Argentinians
two Argentines
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The Argentinians / The Argentines
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Armenia
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Armènia
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Armenia
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Armenian
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An Armenian,
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two Armenians
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The Armenians
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Australia
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Austràlia
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Australia
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Australian
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An Australian,
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two Australians
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The Australians
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Austria
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Àustria
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Austria
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Austrian
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An Austrian,
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two Austrians
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The Austrians
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The Basque Country
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El País Basc / Euskadi
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El País Vasco / Euskadi
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Basque
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The Basques
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Belgium
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Bèlgica
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Bélgica
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Belgian
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The Belgians
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Bolivia
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Bolívia
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Bolivia
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Bolivian
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A Bolivian,
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two Bolivians
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The Bolivians
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Brazil
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(El) Brasil
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(El) Brasil
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Brazilian
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A Brazilian,
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two Brazilians
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The Brazilians
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Canada
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(El) Canadà
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(El) Canadá
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Canadian
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A Canadian,
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two Canadians
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The Canadians
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Catalonia
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Catalunya
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Cataluña
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Catalan
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The Catalans
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Chile
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Xile
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Chile
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Chilean
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The Chileans
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China
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(La) Xina
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(La) China
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Chinese
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The Chinese
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Colombia
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Colòmbia
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Colombia
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Colombian
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A Colombian,
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two Colombians
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The Colombians
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Costa Rica
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Costa Rica
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Costa Rica
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Costa Rican
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A Costa Rican,
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two Costa Ricans
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The Costa Ricans
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Croatia
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Croàcia
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Croacia
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Croatian
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A Croatian,
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two Croatians
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The Croatians
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Cuba
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Cuba
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Cuba
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Cuban
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The Cubans
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Czechoslovakia
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Txecoslovàquia
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Checoslovaquia
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Czech
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The Czechs
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Denmark
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Dinamarca
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Dinamarca
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Danish
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The Danes
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Ecuador
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(L')Ecuador
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(El) Ecuador
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Ecuadorian
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An Ecuadorian,
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two Ecuadorians
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The Ecuadorians
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Egypt
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Egipte
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Egipto
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Egyptian
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An Egyptian,
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two Egyptians
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The Egyptians
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England
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Anglaterra
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Inglaterra
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English
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An Englishman (male),
An Englishwoman (female),
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two Englishmen
two Englishwomen
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The English
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Estonia
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Estònia
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Estonia
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Estonian
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An Estonian,
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two Estonians
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The Estonians
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Findland
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Finlàndia
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Finlandia
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Finnish
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The Finns
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France
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França
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Francia
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French
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A Frenchman (male),
A Frenchwoman (female),
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two Frenchmen
two Frenchwomen
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The French
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Germany
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Alemanya
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Alemania
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German
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The Germans
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Greece
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Grècia
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Grecia
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Greek
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The Greeks
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Guatemala
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Guatemala
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Guatemala
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Guatemalan
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A Guatemalan,
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two Guatemalans
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The Guatemalans
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Holland / The Netherlands
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Holanda / Els Països Baixos
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Holanda / Los Países Bajos
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Dutch
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A Dutchman (male),
A Dutchwoman (female),
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two Dutchmen
two Dutchwomen
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The Dutch
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Honduras
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Hondures
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Honduras
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Honduran
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A Honduran,
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two Hondurans
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The Hondurans
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Hungary
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Hongria
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Hungría
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Hungarian
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A Hungarian,
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two Hungarians
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The Hungarians
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Iceland
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Islàndia
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Islandia
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Icelandic
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An Icelander,
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two Icelanders
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The Icelanders
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India
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L'Índia
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La India
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Indian
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The Indians
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Iran
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(L')Iran
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El Irán
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Iranian
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The Iranians
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Iraq
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(L')Iraq
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El Irak / Iraq
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Iraqi
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The Iraqis
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Ireland
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Irlanda
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Irlanda
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Irish
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An Irishman (male),
An Irishwoman (female),
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two Irishmen
two Irishwomen
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The Irish
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Israel
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Israel
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Israel
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Israeli
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The Israelis
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Italy
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Itàlia
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Italia
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Italian
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The Italians
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Japan
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El Japó
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(El) Japón
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Japanese
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The Japanese
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Laos
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Laos
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Laos
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Loatian
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The Loatians
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Lithuania
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Lituània
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Lituania
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Lithuanian
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A Lithuanian,
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two Lithuanians
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The Lithuanians
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Mexico
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Mèxic
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México / Méjico
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Mexican
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The Mexicans
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Mongolia
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Mongòlia
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Mongolia
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Mongolian
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A Mongolian,
A Mongol,
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two Mongolians
two Mongols
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The Mongolians / The Mongols
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Morocco
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El Marroc
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Marruecos
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Moroccan
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A Moroccan,
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two Moroccans
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The Moroccans
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Nepal
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El Nepal
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Nepal
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Nepalese / Nepali
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A Nepalese,
A Nepali,
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two Nepalese
two Nepalis
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The Nepalese / The Nepalis
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New Zealand
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Nova Zelanda
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Nueva Zelanda
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New Zealand
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A New Zealander,
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two New Zealanders
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The New Zealanders
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Nicaragua
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Nicaragua
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Nicaragua
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Nicaraguan
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A Nicaraguan,
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two Nicaraguans
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The Nicaraguans
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Nigeria
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Nigèria
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Nigeria
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Nigerian
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A Nigerian,
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two Nigerians
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The Nigerians
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Norway
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Noruega
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Noruega
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Norwegian
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A Norwegian,
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two Norwegians
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The Norwegians
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Pakistan
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Pakistan
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Pakistán / Paquistán
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Pakistani
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A Pakistani,
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two Pakistanis
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The Pakistanis
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Panama
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Panamà
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Panamá
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Panamanian
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A Panamanian,
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two Panamanians
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The Panamanians
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Paraguay
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(El) Paraguai
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(El) Paraguay
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Paraguayan
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A Paraguayan,
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two Paraguayans
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The Paraguayans
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Peru
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(El) Perú
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(El) Perú
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Peruvian
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A Peruvian,
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two Peruvians
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The Peruvians
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The Philippines
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Les Filipines
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(Las) Filipinas
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Filipino
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A Filipino,
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two Filipinos
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The Filipinos
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Poland
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Polònia
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Polonia
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Polish
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The Poles
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Puerto Rico
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Puerto Rico
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Puerto Rico
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Puerto Rican
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A Puerto Rican,
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two Puerto Ricans
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The Puerto Ricans
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Russia
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Rússia
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Rusia
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Russian
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The Russians
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Portugal
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Portugal
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Portugal
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Portuguese
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A Portuguese,
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two Portuguese
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The Portuguese
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Romania / Rumania / Roumania
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Romania
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Rumanía
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Romanian
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A Romanian,
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two Romanians
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The Romanians
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Scotland
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Escòcia
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Escocia
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Scottish / Scotch
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A Scot(sman) (male),
A Scot(swoman) (female),
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two Scots(men)
two Scots(women)
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The Scots
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Spain / Castile
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Espanya / Castella
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España / Castilla
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Spanish / Castilian*
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A Spaniard / A Castilian,
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two Spaniards / two Castilians
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The Spanish / The Castilians
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Sweden
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Suècia
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Suecia
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Swedish
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The Swedes
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Switzerland
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Suïssa
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Suiza
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Swiss
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The Swiss
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Thailand
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Tailàndia
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Tailandia
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Thai
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The Thais
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Turkey
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Turquia
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Turquía
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Turkish
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The Turks
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Uruguay
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(L')Uruguay
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(El) Uruguay
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Uruguayan
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A Uruguayan,
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two Uruguayans
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The Uruguayans
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Venezuela
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Veneçuela
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Venezuela
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Venezuelan
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A Venezuelan,
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two Venezuelans
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The Venezuelans
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Vietnam
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(El) Vietnam
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(El) Vietnam
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Vietnamese
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A Vietnamese,
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two Vietnamese
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The Vietnamese
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Wales
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El País de Gal·les
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El País de Gales
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Welsh
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A Welshman (male),
A Welshwoman (female),
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two Welshmen
two Welshwomen
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The Welsh
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Please note that nationality words are spelt with initial capital letters in English, but not in Catalan or Castilian:
(The) Italians eat a lot of pasta.
Els italians mengen molta pasta. (Catalan)
Los italianos comen mucha pasta. (Castilian)
As we have seen in the previous example, the definite article (the) may be omitted with plurals ending in s. Compare the following sentences:
I am going to study Catalan because I like the Catalans.
I am going to study Catalan because I like Catalans.
Tinc pensat estudiar català perquè els catalans em cauen bé. (Catalan)
Voy a estudiar catalán porque los catalanes me caen bien. (Castilian)
The Chinese grow a lot of rice. (The article the cannot be left out.)
Els Chinesos cultiven molt d'arròs. (Catalan)
Los chinos cultivan mucho arroz. (Castilian)
The Swiss make very tasty chocolates. (The article the cannot be removed, as no s has been added to make the plural form.)
Els suïssos fan bombons molt saborosos. (Catalan)
Los suizos hacen bombones muy ricos. (Castilian)
The sentences below mean the same:
(The) Germans are used to the cold. It freezes in Germany in the winter.
German people are used to the cold. It freezes in Germany in the winter.
Els alemanys estan acostumats al fred. Fa molt de fred a Alemanya a l'hivern. (Catalan)
Los alemanes están acostumbrados al frío. Hace mucho frío en Alemania en invierno. (Castilian)
More examples:
Japanese girls are beautiful.
Les noies japoneses són molt boniques. (Catalan)
Las chicas japonesas son preciosas. (Castilian)
(The) Canadians speak English and French.
Els canadencs parlen anglès i francès. (Catalan)
Los canadienses hablan inglés y francés. (Castilian)
We like Chinese food, so we ate at a Chinese restaurant.
Ens agrada el menjar xinès, i per això vam menjar en un restaurant xinès. (Catalan)
Nos gusta la comida china, así que comimos en un restaurante chino. (Castilian)
A person who comes from Poland is Polish / A person who comes from Poland is a Pole.
Una persona que procedeix de Polònia és polonesa. (Catalan)
Una persona que procede de Polonia es polaca. (Castilian)
Two people who come from Poland are Polish / Two people who come from Poland are Poles.
Dues persones de Polònia són poloneses. (Catalan)
Dos personas de Polonia son polacas. (Castilian)
*Please note that the words Spain and Spanish are imperialist or colonialist. Castilian should be used to refer to the language of Castile:
He speaks Castilian.
(Ell) parla castellà. (Catalan)
(Él) habla castellano. (Castilian)
However, if you are taking an examination, your teacher may prefer "Spanish". When in doubt, ask him or her.
You may like to receive a pdf file with the materials listed below to study offline.
1. Answer the following questions (beginners)
2. Make questions for the answers given (beginners)
3. Assorted exercises for beginners
4. Negative and interrogative sentences (intermediate level)
5. Some, any and every; some, any, every + -body / -one, -thing and -where (intermediate level)
6. Nationality Words
7. Useful sentences for restaurants in English and Catalan
8. Useful sentences for restaurants in English and Castilian
The key to the exercises
If so, we can send it to you by email for a contribution of 10 euros.
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