Vocabulario para principiantes - Vocabulario básico
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País
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Traducción al castellano
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Adjetivo
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Nombre
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Los ciudadanos
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Afghanistan
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Afganistán
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Afghan
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The Afghans
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Angola
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Angola
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Angolan
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The Angolans
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Argentina / The Argentine
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(La) Argentina
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Argentinian, Argentine
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An Argentinian,
An Argentine,
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two Argentinians
two Argentines
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The Argentinians / The Argentines
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Armenia
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Armenia
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Armenian
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An Armenian,
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two Armenians
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The Armenians
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Australia
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Australia
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Australian
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An Australian,
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two Australians
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The Australians
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Austria
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Austria
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Austrian
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An Austrian,
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two Austrians
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The Austrians
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The Basque Country
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El País Vasco / Euskadi
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Basque
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The Basques
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Belgium
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Bélgica
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Belgian
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The Belgians
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Bolivia
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Bolivia
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Bolivian
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A Bolivian,
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two Bolivians
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The Bolivians
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Brazil
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(El) Brasil
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Brazilian
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A Brazilian,
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two Brazilians
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The Brazilians
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Canada
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(El) Canadá
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Canadian
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A Canadian,
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two Canadians
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The Canadians
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Catalonia
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Cataluña
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Catalan
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The Catalans
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Chile
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Chile
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Chilean
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The Chileans
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China
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(La) China
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Chinese
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The Chinese
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Colombia
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Colombia
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Colombian
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A Colombian,
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two Colombians
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The Colombians
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Costa Rica
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Costa Rica
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Costa Rican
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A Costa Rican,
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two Costa Ricans
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The Costa Ricans
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Croatia
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Croacia
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Croatian
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A Croatian,
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two Croatians
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The Croatians
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Cuba
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Cuba
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Cuban
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The Cubans
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Czechoslovakia
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Checoslovaquia
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Czech
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The Czechs
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Denmark
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Dinamarca
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Danish
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The Danes
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Ecuador
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(El) Ecuador
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Ecuadorian
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An Ecuadorian,
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two Ecuadorians
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The Ecuadorians
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Egypt
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Egipto
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Egyptian
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An Egyptian,
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two Egyptians
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The Egyptians
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England
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Inglaterra
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English
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An Englishman (male),
An Englishwoman (female),
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two Englishmen
two Englishwomen
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The English
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Estonia
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Estonia
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Estonian
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An Estonian,
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two Estonians
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The Estonians
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Findland
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Finlandia
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Finnish
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The Finns
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France
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Francia
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French
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A Frenchman (male),
A Frenchwoman (female),
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two Frenchmen
two Frenchwomen
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The French
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Germany
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Alemania
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German
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The Germans
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Greece
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Grecia
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Greek
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The Greeks
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Guatemala
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Guatemala
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Guatemalan
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A Guatemalan,
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two Guatemalans
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The Guatemalans
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Holland / The Netherlands
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Holanda / Los Países Bajos
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Dutch
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A Dutchman (male),
A Dutchwoman (female),
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two Dutchmen
two Dutchwomen
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The Dutch
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Honduras
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Honduras
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Honduran
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A Honduran,
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two Hondurans
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The Hondurans
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Hungary
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Hungría
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Hungarian
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A Hungarian,
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two Hungarians
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The Hungarians
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Iceland
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Islandia
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Icelandic
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An Icelander,
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two Icelanders
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The Icelanders
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India
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La India
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Indian
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The Indians
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Iran
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El Irán
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Iranian
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The Iranians
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Iraq
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El Irak / Iraq
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Iraqi
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The Iraqis
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Ireland
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Irlanda
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Irish
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An Irishman (male),
An Irishwoman (female),
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two Irishmen
two Irishwomen
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The Irish
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Israel
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Israel
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Israeli
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The Israelis
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Italy
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Italia
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Italian
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The Italians
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Japan
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(El) Japón
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Japanese
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The Japanese
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Laos
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Laos
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Loatian
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The Loatians
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Lithuania
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Lituania
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Lithuanian
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A Lithuanian,
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two Lithuanians
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The Lithuanians
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Mexico
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México / Méjico
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Mexican
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The Mexicans
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Mongolia
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Mongolia
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Mongolian
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A Mongolian,
A Mongol,
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two Mongolians
two Mongols
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The Mongolians / The Mongols
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Morocco
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Marruecos
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Moroccan
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A Moroccan,
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two Moroccans
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The Moroccans
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Nepal
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Nepal
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Nepalese / Nepali
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A Nepalese,
A Nepali,
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two Nepalese
two Nepalis
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The Nepalese / The Nepalis
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New Zealand
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Nueva Zelanda
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New Zealand
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A New Zealander,
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two New Zealanders
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The New Zealanders
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Nicaragua
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Nicaragua
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Nicaraguan
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A Nicaraguan,
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two Nicaraguans
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The Nicaraguans
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Nigeria
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Nigeria
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Nigerian
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A Nigerian,
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two Nigerians
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The Nigerians
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Norway
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Noruega
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Norwegian
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A Norwegian,
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two Norwegians
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The Norwegians
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Pakistan
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Pakistán / Paquistán
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Pakistani
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A Pakistani,
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two Pakistanis
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The Pakistanis
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Panama
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Panamá
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Panamanian
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A Panamanian,
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two Panamanians
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The Panamanians
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Paraguay
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(El) Paraguay
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Paraguayan
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A Paraguayan,
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two Paraguayans
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The Paraguayans
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Peru
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(El) Perú
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Peruvian
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A Peruvian,
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two Peruvians
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The Peruvians
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The Philippines
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(Las) Filipinas
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Filipino
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A Filipino,
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two Filipinos
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The Filipinos
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Poland
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Polonia
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Polish
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The Poles
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Puerto Rico
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Puerto Rico
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Puerto Rican
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A Puerto Rican,
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two Puerto Ricans
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The Puerto Ricans
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Russia
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Rusia
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Russian
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The Russians
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Portugal
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Portugal
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Portuguese
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A Portuguese,
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two Portuguese
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The Portuguese
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Romania / Rumania / Roumania
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Rumanía
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Romanian
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A Romanian,
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two Romanians
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The Romanians
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Scotland
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Escocia
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Scottish / Scotch
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A Scot(sman) (male),
A Scot(swoman) (female),
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two Scots(men)
two Scots(women)
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The Scots
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Spain / Castile
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España / Castilla
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Spanish / Castilian*
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A Spaniard / A Castilian,
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two Spaniards / two Castilians
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The Spanish / The Castilians
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Sweden
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Suecia
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Swedish
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The Swedes
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Switzerland
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Suiza
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Swiss
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The Swiss
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Thailand
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Tailandia
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Thai
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The Thais
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Turkey
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Turquía
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Turkish
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The Turks
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Uruguay
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(El) Uruguay
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Uruguayan
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A Uruguayan,
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two Uruguayans
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The Uruguayans
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Venezuela
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Venezuela
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Venezuelan
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A Venezuelan,
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two Venezuelans
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The Venezuelans
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Vietnam
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(El) Vietnam
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Vietnamese
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A Vietnamese,
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two Vietnamese
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The Vietnamese
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Wales
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El País de Gales
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Welsh
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A Welshman (male),
A Welshwoman (female),
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two Welshmen
two Welshwomen
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The Welsh
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Observe que las palabras que hacen referencia a la nacionalidad se escriben en mayúscula en inglés, pero no en castellano:
(The) Italians eat a lot of pasta.
Los italianos comen mucha pasta.
Como hemos visto en el ejemplo anterior, el artículo definido (the) puede omitirse con los plurales terminados en s. Compare las oraciones siguientes:
I am going to study Catalan because I like the Catalans.
I am going to study Catalan because I like Catalans.
Voy a estudiar catalán porque los catalanes me caen bien.
The Chinese grow a lot of rice. (El artículo the es necesario.)
Los chinos cultivan mucho arroz.
The Swiss make very tasty chocolates. (El artículo the no se puede quitar, puesto que no se ha añadido s alguna para hacer el plural.)
Los suizos hacen bombones muy ricos.
Las oraciones de abajo significan lo mismo:
(The) Germans are used to the cold. It freezes in Germany in the winter.
German people are used to the cold. It freezes in Germany in the winter.
Los alemanes están acostumbrados al frío. Hace mucho frío en Alemania en invierno.
Más ejemplos:
Japanese girls are beautiful.
Las chicas japonesas son preciosas.
(The) Canadians speak English and French.
Los canadienses hablan inglés y francés.
We like Chinese food, so we ate at a Chinese restaurant.
Nos gusta la comida china, así que comimos en un restaurante chino.
A person who comes from Poland is Polish / A person who comes from Poland is a Pole.
Una persona que procede de Polonia es polaca.
Two people who come from Poland are Polish / Two people who come from Poland are Poles.
Dos personas de Polonia son polacas.
*Observe que las palabras Spain y Spanish són imperialistas o colonialistas. Para referirse a la lengua de Castilla, debería emplearse Castilian:
He speaks Castilian.
(Él) habla castellano.
Sin embargo, si está haciendo un examen, su profesor puede que prefiera "Spanish". En caso de duda, pregúntele.
Tal vez le interese recibir un archivo pdf con el material mostrado abajo para que pueda estudiar siempre que quiera.
1. Conteste las siguientes preguntas (principiantes)
2. Haga preguntas para las siguientes respuestas (principiantes)
3. Ejercicios variados para principiantes
4. Oraciones negativas e interrogativas (nivel intermedio)
5. Some, any and every; some, any, every + -body / -one, -thing y -where (nivel intermedio)
6. Palabras que hacen referencia a la nacionalidad
7. Oraciones para restaurantes
Las soluciones
En este caso, se lo podemos mandar por correo electrónico a cambio de una contribución de 10 euros.
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