Gramática inglesa de nivel medio paso a paso (Intermediate English Grammar Step by Step)
UNIDAD 9
VERBOS IRREGULARES
Versión compacta
infinitivo |
pasado simple |
participio de pasado |
traducción |
arise
|
arose
|
arisen
|
surgir, presentarse
|
awake
|
awoke
|
awoken
|
despertar(se)
|
be
|
was, were
|
been
|
ser, estar
|
beat
|
beat
|
beaten
|
pegar, golpear
|
become
|
became
|
become
|
convertir(se), hacerse
|
begin
|
began
|
begun
|
empezar
|
bend
|
bent
|
bent
|
doblar(se)
|
bet
|
bet
|
bet
|
apostar
|
bind
|
bound
|
bound
|
atar, encuadernar
|
bite
|
bit
|
bitten
|
morder, picar
|
bleed
|
bled
|
bled
|
sangrar
|
blow
|
blew
|
blown
|
soplar
|
break
|
broke
|
broken
|
romper
|
breed
|
bred
|
bred
|
criar, reproducirse
|
bring
|
brought
|
brought
|
traer
|
broadcast
|
broadcast
|
broadcast
|
emitir, transmitir
|
build
|
built
|
built
|
construir
|
burn
|
burnt, burned
|
burnt, burned
|
quemar(se)
|
burst
|
burst
|
burst
|
estallar, reventar(se)
|
buy
|
bought
|
bought
|
comprar
|
cast
|
cast
|
cast
|
arrojar, asignar
|
catch
|
caught
|
caught
|
coger
|
choose
|
chose
|
chosen
|
elegir
|
cling
|
clung
|
clung
|
agarrarse, aferrarse
|
come
|
came
|
come
|
venir
|
cost
|
cost
|
cost
|
costar
|
creep
|
crept
|
crept
|
arrastrarse
|
cut
|
cut
|
cut
|
cortar
|
deal
|
dealt
|
dealt
|
tratar, comerciar
|
dig
|
dug
|
dug
|
cavar
|
do
|
did
|
done
|
hacer
|
draw
|
drew
|
drawn
|
dibujar
|
dream
|
dreamt, dreamed
|
dreamt, dreamed
|
soñar
|
drink
|
drank
|
drunk
|
beber
|
drive
|
drove
|
driven
|
conducir
|
dwell
|
dwelt, dwelled
|
dwelt, dwelled
|
vivir, morar
|
eat
|
ate
|
eaten
|
comer
|
fall
|
fell
|
fallen
|
caer(se)
|
feed
|
fed
|
fed
|
alimentar, dar de comer
|
feel
|
felt
|
felt
|
sentir(se)
|
fight
|
fought
|
fought
|
luchar, pelearse
|
find
|
found
|
found
|
encontrar
|
flee
|
fled
|
fled
|
huir
|
fling
|
flung
|
flung
|
arrojar, lanzar, hacer algo ràpidamente
|
fly
|
flew
|
flown
|
volar
|
forbid
|
forbad(e)
|
forbidden
|
prohibir
|
forget
|
forgot
|
forgotten
|
olvidar(se)
|
forgive
|
forgave
|
forgiven
|
perdonar
|
freeze
|
froze
|
frozen
|
helar(se), congelar(se)
|
get
|
got
|
got
|
obtener, hacerse
|
give
|
gave
|
given
|
dar
|
go
|
went
|
gone
|
ir(se)
|
grind
|
ground
|
ground
|
moler
|
grow
|
grew
|
grown
|
crecer, cultivar, hacerse
|
hang
|
hung
|
hung
|
colgar
|
have
|
had
|
had
|
tener, haber
|
hear
|
heard
|
heard
|
escuchar
|
hide
|
hid
|
hidden
|
ocultar(se), esconder(se)
|
hit
|
hit
|
hit
|
pegar, golpear
|
hold
|
held
|
held
|
agarrar(se), celebrar
|
hurt
|
hurt
|
hurt
|
hacer daño
|
keep
|
kept
|
kept
|
mantener, guardar
|
kneel
|
knelt, kneeled
|
knelt, kneeled
|
arrodillarse
|
know
|
knew
|
known
|
saber, conocer
|
lay
|
laid
|
laid
|
poner, tender, apostar
|
lead
|
led
|
led
|
conducir, llevar
|
lean
|
leant, leaned
|
leant, leaned
|
inclinar(se)
|
leap
|
leapt, leaped
|
leapt, leaped
|
saltar
|
learn
|
learnt, learned
|
learnt, learned
|
aprender, enterarse
|
leave
|
left
|
left
|
dejar, abandonar, irse
|
lend
|
lent
|
lent
|
dejar, prestar
|
let
|
let
|
let
|
dejar, permitir
|
lie
|
lay
|
lain
|
echarse, tenderse, estar
|
light
|
lit, lighted
|
lit, lighted
|
encender(se), iluminar
|
lose
|
lost
|
lost
|
perder
|
make
|
made
|
made
|
hacer, fabricar
|
mean
|
meant
|
meant
|
significar, querer decir
|
meet
|
met
|
met
|
encontrar(se), conocer(se)
|
mistake
|
mistook
|
mistaken
|
equivocar(se), confundir(se)
|
misunderstand
|
misunderstood
|
misunderstood
|
entender mal, malinterpretar
|
oversleep
|
overslept
|
overslept
|
dormirse, quedarse dormido
|
overtake
|
overtook
|
overtaken
|
adelantar, sorprender
|
pay
|
paid
|
paid
|
pagar
|
put
|
put
|
put
|
poner
|
quit
|
quit, quitted
|
quit, quitted
|
dejar (de), dimitir, irse
|
read
|
read
|
read
|
leer
|
ride
|
rode
|
ridden
|
montar, ir (en)
|
ring
|
rang
|
rung
|
sonar, llamar
|
rise
|
rose
|
risen
|
salir, aumentar, levantarse
|
run
|
ran
|
run
|
correr
|
saw
|
sawed
|
sawn
|
serrar
|
say
|
said
|
said
|
decir
|
see
|
saw
|
seen
|
ver
|
seek
|
sought
|
sought
|
buscar
|
sell
|
sold
|
sold
|
vender(se)
|
send
|
sent
|
sent
|
enviar
|
set
|
set
|
set
|
poner, situar, fijar
|
sew
|
sewed
|
sewn
|
coser
|
shake
|
shook
|
shaken
|
agitar, temblar
|
shed
|
shed
|
shed
|
mudar, verter, despojarse
|
shine
|
shone
|
shone
|
brillar
|
shoe
|
shod
|
shod
|
herrar
|
shoot
|
shot
|
shot
|
disparar
|
show
|
showed
|
shown
|
mostrar, enseñar
|
shrink
|
shrank
|
shrunk
|
encoger(se)
|
shut
|
shut
|
shut
|
cerrar(se)
|
sing
|
sang
|
sung
|
cantar
|
sink
|
sank
|
sunk
|
hundir(se), sumir(se)
|
sit
|
sat
|
sat
|
sentar(se)
|
slay
|
slew
|
slain
|
matar, asesinar
|
sleep
|
slept
|
slept
|
dormir
|
slide
|
slid
|
slid
|
resbalar(se), deslizar(se)
|
sling
|
slung
|
slung
|
lanzar
|
slink
|
slunk
|
slunk
|
escabullirse
|
slit
|
slit
|
slit
|
cortar
|
smell
|
smelt, smelled
|
smelt, smelled
|
oler
|
smite
|
smote
|
smitten
|
remorder, aflijir
|
speak
|
spoke
|
spoken
|
hablar
|
spell
|
spelt, spelled
|
spelt, spelled
|
deletrear
|
spend
|
spent
|
spent
|
pasar, gastar
|
spill
|
spilt, spilled
|
spilt, spilled
|
derramar(se)
|
spin
|
spun
|
spun
|
(hacer) girar, dar vueltas
|
spit
|
spat
|
spat
|
escupir
|
split
|
split
|
split
|
dividir(se), partir(se)
|
spoil
|
spoilt, spoiled
|
spoilt, spoiled
|
estropear(se), malcriar
|
spread
|
spread
|
spread
|
extender(se), propagar(se), untar(se)
|
spring
|
sprang
|
sprung
|
saltar, brotar
|
stand
|
stood
|
stood
|
estar de pie, poner, tolerar
|
steal
|
stole
|
stolen
|
robar
|
stick
|
stuck
|
stuck
|
pegar(se), poner, clavar
|
sting
|
stung
|
stung
|
picar, escocer
|
stink
|
stank, stunk (US)
|
stunk
|
oler mal, apestar
|
strew
|
strewed
|
strewn, strewed
|
esparcir, desparramar, cubrir
|
stride
|
strode
|
stridden
|
dar zancadas
|
strike
|
struck
|
struck
|
golpear, pegar, dar (hora)
|
string
|
strung
|
strung
|
ensartar, poner cuerdas
|
strive
|
strove
|
striven
|
esforzarse
|
swear
|
swore
|
sworn
|
jurar, decir palabrotas
|
sweep
|
swept
|
swept
|
barrer
|
swell
|
swelled
|
swollen
|
hinchar(se)
|
swim
|
swam
|
swum
|
nadar
|
swing
|
swung
|
swung
|
balancear(se), columpiar(se)
|
take
|
took
|
taken
|
tomar(se), coger(se), llevar(se)
|
teach
|
taught
|
taught
|
enseñar
|
tear
|
tore
|
torn
|
romper(se), rasgar(se)
|
tell
|
told
|
told
|
contar, decir
|
think
|
thought
|
thought
|
pensar, creer
|
throw
|
threw
|
thrown
|
tirar, lanzar
|
thrust
|
thrust
|
thrust
|
clavar, meter, empujar
|
tread
|
trod
|
trodden
|
pisar
|
undergo
|
underwent
|
undergone
|
sufrir, pasar por
|
understand
|
understood
|
understood
|
entender
|
undertake
|
undertook
|
undertaken
|
emprender
|
unfreeze
|
unfroze
|
unfrozen
|
descongelar(se)
|
unwind
|
unwound
|
unwound
|
relajarse, desenrollar(se)
|
upset
|
upset
|
upset
|
afligir, disgustar, sentar mal
|
wake
|
woke
|
woken
|
despertar(se)
|
wear
|
wore
|
worn
|
llevar (puesto), desgastar(se)
|
weave
|
wove
|
woven
|
tejer, entretejer
|
wed
|
wed, wedded
|
wed, wedded
|
casar(se) (con)
|
weep
|
wept
|
wept
|
llorar
|
win
|
won
|
won
|
ganar, tocar
|
wind
|
wound
|
wound
|
enrollar, serpentear, dar cuerda a
|
withdraw
|
withdrew
|
withdrawn
|
retirar(se), sacar
|
wring
|
wrung
|
wrung
|
retorcer, escurrir
|
write
|
wrote
|
written
|
escribir
|
____________________
Téngase en cuenta que aquí sólo se han puesto algunos de los significados. Si quiere información más detallada, consulte un buen diccionario.
Algunos verbos (como por ejemplo burn, dream, dwell, etc.) tienen formas regulares e irregulares indistintamente. No obstante, en inglés británico se suelen emplear las irregulares y en americano, las regulares.
Hang es regular cuando significa "ahorcar", es decir, tanto el pasado como el participio de pasado se forman con -ed: hanged.
Lie cuando significa "mentir" es regular: lied (pasado y participio de pasado).
En inglés británico, el pasado simple y el participio de pasado es normalmente lit. Lighted se usa delante de un nombre: a lighted cigarette (un cigarrillo encendido).
Quitted se utiliza principalmente en inglés británico.
Autor: Miquel Molina i Diez |